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Ashi-Waza Advanced Nage-Waza

Tsubame-Gaeshi

燕返し

"Swallow Counter"

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Quick Facts

Category
Nage-Waza
Subcategory
Ashi-Waza
Difficulty
Advanced
Belt Level
2nd kyu, 1st kyu
Overview

Tsubame-Gaeshi (Swallow Counter) is a counter-throw specifically designed to defeat De-Ashi-Barai. When tori attempts De-Ashi-Barai against uke's advancing foot, uke lifts the targeted foot up and over tori's sweeping leg in a rapid swallow-like arc, then immediately sweeps tori's own standing (base) foot in the same flowing motion. The name evokes the swift, curved flight of a swallow in flight. It is part of the Kodokan Shinmeisho no Waza and represents one of the most elegant counter-sweep sequences in judo.

Video Demonstrations
燕返 / Tsubame-gaeshi — judo technique demonstration
燕返 / Tsubame-gaeshi KODOKAN
Concept of Tsubame Gaeshi Swallow Counter by Travis Stevens — judo technique demonstration
Concept of Tsubame Gaeshi Swallow Counter by Travis Stevens JudoFanatics
Tsubame-gaeshi - Demo — judo technique demonstration
Tsubame-gaeshi - Demo Efficient Judo
One of the hardest techniques in Judo - Tsubame Gaeshi — judo technique demonstration
One of the hardest techniques in Judo - Tsubame Gaeshi Grappler Kingdom
How to Execute

Tsubame-Gaeshi — Step by Step

KuzushiOff-balance

Kuzushi is derived entirely from uke's commitment to the original De-Ashi-Barai sweep. As tori sweeps and shifts their body weight to the sweeping side, their remaining base foot becomes the vulnerable target. Uke's evasion leaves tori momentarily overextended and single-legged — an ideal condition to sweep the standing foot backward.

TsukuriEntry

As tori's sweeping foot approaches, lift the targeted foot rapidly upward and across tori's sweeping leg. Your weight shifts fully to the opposite (standing) foot as you arc over. Immediately redirect your lifted foot downward in a sweeping path toward tori's base ankle. The transition from evasion to sweep is continuous — there is no pause.

KakeExecution

Sweep tori's standing ankle or foot with the sole of your foot in a lateral or backward-lateral arc, mirroring the mechanics of De-Ashi-Barai itself. Simultaneously pull tori's arms (or release your grips to redirect momentum) to amplify the toppling force. The sweep removes tori's only ground contact at the precise moment their weight is fully committed to it.

  1. 1

    Detect the incoming De-Ashi-Barai

    Read tori's grip tension and body positioning. A De-Ashi-Barai attempt is typically preceded by a pull on the sleeve grip as tori loads for the sweep. Visual and tactile cues give a fraction-of-a-second warning.

  2. 2

    Lift the targeted foot up and over the sweep

    As tori's sweeping foot arrives, rapidly elevate your targeted foot, arcing it upward and over tori's sweeping leg in a smooth curve. The motion should be swift and continuous — think of a swallow banking in flight.

  3. 3

    Land your weight on the opposite (base) foot

    As your lifted foot crosses over tori's sweep, all your weight momentarily rests on the opposite foot. This is also the foot you will sweep from, so the transition must be immediate.

  4. 4

    Redirect into the counter sweep

    Without pausing, redirect the arcing foot downward into a sweep toward tori's now-loaded base ankle. The path from evasion into sweep is a single arc — the foot goes up and over, then comes down and sweeps.

  5. 5

    Coordinate the arm pull to complete the throw

    Pull tori's arms (sleeve and lapel) in the direction of the sweep to unbalance their upper body in concert with the foot sweep. Tori's weight is committed to the sweep side — the arm pull and counter sweep combine to topple them.

Key Principles

What Makes It Work

  • The counter must flow as one continuous motion — foot lifts, arcs over, and sweeps in a single swallow-like curve. Any hesitation between evasion and sweep allows tori to recover.
  • Timing the evasion requires reading tori's intentions before the sweep arrives. Reacting to the sweep after contact is too late.
  • Your own counter sweep uses the same mechanics as De-Ashi-Barai — sole of foot, lateral sweep, at peak weight transfer. The principles that make De-Ashi-Barai effective apply equally here.
  • This technique demonstrates a fundamental judo principle: an attacker who over-commits to a technique creates the opening for their opponent to counter.
  • The swallow imagery is instructional — think of the light, curved, decisive motion of a bird in flight, not a heavy kick.
Common Mistakes

What to Avoid

#1 Common Mistake

Lifting the foot too slowly — swept before evading

The evasion must be triggered at the first signal of the incoming sweep, not after contact. Train the foot-lift as a rapid reflex response to the grip tension that precedes De-Ashi-Barai.

#2 Common Mistake

Pausing between evasion and counter sweep

The arc over and the counter sweep are one motion. Practice the combined sequence as a single fluid action until the pause disappears.

#3 Common Mistake

Sweeping the wrong foot — sweeping toward tori's sweeping side instead of the base

Target tori's base foot — the foot they are standing on while they sweep. The sweeping foot is already mobile and carries no weight.

#4 Common Mistake

No arm control — counter sweep has no upper-body amplification

Coordinate arm pull with the sweep. The foot sweep alone may not be sufficient; the arm direction collapses tori's upper body in concert.

When to Use

Best Moments to Apply Tsubame-Gaeshi

Tsubame-Gaeshi is the dedicated counter to De-Ashi-Barai and is most effective when an opponent repeatedly attacks with foot sweeps. It can also be applied against Okuri-Ashi-Barai and similar lateral foot sweeps where one foot is lifted and the other is loaded. Competitors who drill this counter shift the dynamic of any foot-sweep heavy game entirely.

Combinations

Combination Sequences

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

What technique does Tsubame-Gaeshi counter?
Tsubame-Gaeshi is the dedicated counter to De-Ashi-Barai (advancing foot sweep) and related foot sweeps such as Okuri-Ashi-Barai. It specifically exploits the moment when tori's body weight commits to the sweep, leaving their base foot vulnerable.
Why is it called the Swallow Counter?
The name describes the flight path of the evading foot — it lifts and arcs over the incoming sweep and then swoops back down into the counter sweep, tracing a path resembling the curved, swift flight of a swallow (tsubame). The imagery captures both the evasive arc and the immediacy of the counter.
What belt level is Tsubame-Gaeshi?
Tsubame-Gaeshi is part of the Kodokan Shinmeisho no Waza and is typically introduced at 2nd kyu (blue belt) or 1st kyu (brown belt), as it requires refined reflexes and a deep understanding of foot sweep mechanics.
Is Tsubame-Gaeshi in the Gokyo no Waza?
No — Tsubame-Gaeshi is in the Shinmeisho no Waza (newly accepted techniques), not the traditional Gokyo no Waza. It was added by the Kodokan to formally recognize counter-techniques as part of the official curriculum.