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Te-Waza Intermediate Nage-Waza

Seoi-Nage

背負い投げ

"Shoulder Throw"

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Quick Facts

Category
Nage-Waza
Subcategory
Te-Waza
Difficulty
Intermediate
Belt Level
5th kyu, 4th kyu
Overview

Seoi-Nage is one of the most iconic and widely used throws in judo. The thrower (tori) enters beneath the opponent (uke), loads them onto their back, and rotates forward to throw them over the shoulder. It is a cornerstone technique taught early in judo training and remains devastating at the highest levels of competition.

Video Demonstrations
背負投 / Seoi-nage — judo technique demonstration
背負投 / Seoi-nage KODOKAN
Seoi-nage - Basic principles — judo technique demonstration
Seoi-nage - Basic principles Efficient Judo
3 levels of Ippon Seoi Nage — judo technique demonstration
3 levels of Ippon Seoi Nage Shintaro Nakano
Top 10 Seoi Nage Experts Of All Time 背負い投げの達人 トップ10 — judo technique demonstration
Top 10 Seoi Nage Experts Of All Time 背負い投げの達人 トップ10 Judo Highlights
How to Execute

Seoi-Nage — Step by Step

KuzushiOff-balance

Pull uke sharply forward and upward with your sleeve hand (right hand in right-handed grip), breaking their balance to their right front corner. Simultaneously drive upward with your lapel hand to elevate their posture. The goal is to get uke rising onto their toes.

TsukuriEntry

Step your right foot across in front of uke's right foot, toes pointing in the same direction. Then pivot on your right foot, bringing your left foot in to complete the turn so your back is fully against uke's chest. Bend your knees and lower your hips below uke's hip line.

KakeExecution

Straighten your legs explosively to lift uke off the ground, simultaneously driving your right elbow forward and down while bending at the waist. Rotate your entire body over your right hip to complete the throw, projecting uke forward over your shoulder.

  1. 1

    Establish kuzushi — break uke's balance forward

    Using your right sleeve grip, pull uke's arm sharply upward and forward toward their right front corner. Your left lapel hand drives upward simultaneously. Uke should be rising onto their toes, leaning forward.

  2. 2

    Step across with your right foot

    Step your right foot in front of and across uke's right foot. Your foot should point in the same direction uke is facing. This first step begins rotating your body into the throw.

  3. 3

    Pivot and bring in your left foot

    Pivot on your right foot and swing your left foot around so your feet are parallel and your back faces uke's chest. At the moment of entry, your hips must be lower than uke's hips — bend your knees significantly.

  4. 4

    Secure the arm and lower your center of gravity

    Pull uke's right arm tightly over your right shoulder. Your right arm drives under their armpit (morote grip) or around the arm (ippon seoi variation). Your back should be flush against uke's chest.

  5. 5

    Execute kake — the throw

    Straighten both legs powerfully to load uke's weight onto your back, then bend forward at the waist while driving your throwing arm forward and down. Rotate through your hip to project uke over your right shoulder and onto the mat.

Key Principles

What Makes It Work

  • Hips must be lower than uke's hips at the moment of entry — if you are the same height or higher, the throw will not work.
  • Kuzushi must precede entry. Attempting tsukuri before breaking balance gives uke time to resist.
  • The throw is powered by leg drive, not just arm strength. Straightening the legs is the primary lifting force.
  • Keep uke's arm pulled tightly over your shoulder throughout — do not let it slip away during the rotation.
Common Mistakes

What to Avoid

#1 Common Mistake

Hips too high during entry

Bend your knees deeply before stepping in. A common drill is to practice the entry alone until hip height feels natural.

#2 Common Mistake

Insufficient kuzushi before stepping in

Pull upward and forward before your first step. If uke has both feet planted flat and their posture is upright, you will be blocked.

#3 Common Mistake

Back not fully turned into uke

Your entire back should contact uke's chest. A half-turn leaves a gap that uke can use to create distance and escape.

#4 Common Mistake

Bending forward at the waist too early

Straighten your legs first to load uke, then bend forward. Bending before loading means you only throw your upper body, not uke.

When to Use

Best Moments to Apply Seoi-Nage

Seoi-Nage is most effective when uke is walking or pulling backward (which creates forward momentum you can redirect). It suits practitioners with a lower center of gravity than their opponent — shorter judoka find particular success. It is highly effective in combination as a secondary attack after a failed ashi-waza attempt, or as a follow-up to Ko-Uchi-Gari. Works best in a high, upright grip with sleeve control.

Variations

Variations of Seoi-Nage

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

What belt level is Seoi-Nage taught at?
Seoi-Nage is typically introduced at the 5th kyu (yellow belt) level and refined at 4th kyu (orange belt). It remains a competition staple for practitioners at all levels.
What is the difference between Seoi-Nage and Ippon-Seoi-Nage?
In standard Seoi-Nage (morote-seoi-nage), both hands grip uke — one sleeve, one lapel. In Ippon-Seoi-Nage, only one arm is used, with the elbow driven under uke's armpit rather than a two-handed grip. Ippon-Seoi-Nage is typically performed with a drop or step entry.
Is Seoi-Nage allowed in judo competition?
Yes. Seoi-Nage is a fully legal throwing technique in all IJF-sanctioned judo competitions at all levels.
What is the most common counter to Seoi-Nage?
Tani-Otoshi (valley drop) is the most common counter — as tori bends forward to throw, uke steps behind them and falls backward. Ude-Garami (Kimura lock) can also be applied when tori's arm is exposed during the entry.