Kyū
級KYOO
The student grades in judo, numbered from 6th kyū (beginner) down to 1st kyū (advanced student). Each kyū grade is associated with a belt colour that marks the practitioner's level of technical development.
Historical Context
Jigoro Kano, the founder of judo, formalized the kyū-dan grading system in the late 19th century as a structured pathway for student development. The system borrowed from traditional martial arts ranking but introduced a progressive, merit-based approach that reflected both technical skill and moral character.
Belt colors associated with kyū grades are not universal — they vary between national federations. The most widely adopted standard in Europe progresses from white (6th kyū) through yellow, orange, green, blue, to brown (1st kyū). In Japan's Kodokan tradition, kyū grades use only white and brown belts, emphasizing simplicity over colorful distinction.
Kyū Grades & Belt Colours
Belt colours vary by national federation. The scheme above is widely used across Europe and many international clubs. The Kodokan (Japan) traditionally awards only white and brown belts at kyū grade, with black reserved for shodan and above.