Judo Glossary
Essential terminology from basic concepts to competition rules
Techniques
掛け · KAH-keh
The execution phase of a judo throw — the final application of force that completes the technique and sends uke to the mat.
固技 · KAH-tah-meh WAH-zah
Grappling or ground techniques — the second main division of judo technique.
崩し · koo-ZOO-shee
The act of breaking the opponent's balance before executing a throw. Without effective kuzushi, no technique can be successfully completed against a resisting opponent.
投技 · NAH-geh WAH-zah
Throwing techniques — one of the two main divisions of judo technique.
寝技 · NEH WAH-zah
Ground techniques — judo techniques applied while both practitioners are on the ground.
立技 · TAH-chee WAH-zah
Standing techniques — judo techniques applied from an upright standing position.
作り · tsoo-KOO-ree
The fitting or body positioning phase of a judo throw — the act of entering into position to execute the technique after kuzushi has been established.
Scoring & Competition
一本 · IP-pon
The highest score in judo — a full point that immediately wins the match. Equivalent to a knockout in boxing.
抑込み · oh-SAY-koh-mee
The referee's call announcing that a hold-down (osaekomi-waza) has been established and the count has begun.
試合 · SHEE-eye
A judo competition or match.
技あり · WAH-zah AH-ree
A half-point score in judo. Two waza-ari scores equal ippon and win the match.
Roles & Practice
乱取り · RAN-doh-ree
Free practice in judo — unscripted sparring where both practitioners apply techniques against each other with resistance.
取り · TOH-ree
The person executing or performing the technique in judo. The active or attacking role.
受け · OO-keh
The person receiving or being thrown in judo technique practice. The passive or defensive role in a technique demonstration.
Grading & Equipment
柔道着 · joo-DOH-gee
The traditional uniform worn in judo, consisting of a jacket (uwagi), trousers (zubon), and belt (obi).
級 · KYOO
The student grades in judo, numbered from 6th kyū (beginner) down to 1st kyū (advanced student). Each kyū grade is associated with a belt colour that marks the practitioner's level of technical development.
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